FRC- Department of Housing and Urban Development

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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT– NEW

“In February, President Obama announced a foreclosure prevention package that helps up to 9 million homeowners obtain better mortgage terms. It allows up to 5 million homeowners to refinance into cheaper mortgages and invested $75 billion to keep up to 4 million homeowners out of foreclosure.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act invests $10 billion to expand the availability of quality affordable housing and to reduce the effects of foreclosures in communities. Since announcing President Obama’s housing plan, rates on 30-year mortgages have dropped to an all-time low of 4.78 percent and refinancing applications are up 88 percent.

– BarakObama.com

“The Department of Housing and Urban Development is not the way to invest tax dollars in home ownership. The concept that the “American dream” mandates that every American must own a home is misplaced. The American Dream represents the right for every American to earn the right to own a home.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development has attained a passing grade based on their own criteria but also admit to being part of the problem with the current recession. The majority of their objectives are to provide housing for low-income people. It is this mandate that created the recession.
The Government has to take responsibility for millions of Americans losing value in their homes as well as their retirement funds.
– Bryant Delaney, DOI2.com

This is a summary (yes a long page summary) of the thousands of pages the Department of Commerce provides to the public as a review and report card of their performance. The details can be found in a soon to be published book – “FAKE THE NATION” – The Peoples Last Stand.

The federal government reports 80% of federal program are performing when the data represents only 7% of the programs have reported current data and 60% of all programs haven’t reported any results in at least 3 years.

Every agency creates their own programs and provides an annual report of the results of each program. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) sets the parameters for these reports and claims 80% of all government programs are on target. If a private business only reported 7% accurate data, their leaders would be in jail. What about the leaders of the biggest business in America? Shouldn’t they be held accountable to the same rules and principles as private business?

“Fake the Nation” developed out of the frustration of seeing taxes increase year after year with no end in sight. The turning point for writing this book was when the federal government started running private businesses.

For the past 200 years, government has passed more and more rules on business creating a monster with 3 heads that affects every American. First, compliance with the rules and regulations is a cost that businesses pass on to the purchasers of their products. Second, the balance of international trade has regulated many businesses out of business. Third, the laws of Government have created a false sense of security creating the mentality that the Government is watching for bad business practices protecting American’s from corrupt business executives.
We define these basic principles in detail. But unlike most essays on the failure of government, Fake the Nation goes the extra mile to demonstrate proven business practices that will make the government operate efficiently.

To support American we do not need bigger government. We need leadership. It’s been said that “experience equals knowledge, the application of knowledge equals wisdom”. It is impossible to attain wisdom in a vacuum. If our leaders to not have the breadth and depth of experience they cannot apply their experiences to become wise.
The two party political system perpetuates the waste of American tax payer dollars. Fake the Nation tracks of $111 TRILLION of waste created because the federal government leadership doesn’t understand business – yet they now run the financial and automotive industries in America.

Fake the Nation provides proof of the problems and solutions to control the expenses of the federal government through 3 simple principles:

1. The federal government has no obligation to provide any service that can be provided by private business and/or state and local government. The federal government’s responsibility is only applied where the services would be duplicated by the majority of the states or where the services are for the protection on one state from the actions of another state.
2. State responsibilities only apply when the services offered by the State benefit all local level governments. State governments will not regulate any aspect of private business except to protect the rights of all citizens within the state.
3. Local governments shall have the responsibility to set the rules and laws for the citizens of their community. No state or federal law, rule or regulation shall dictate to the local governments except where the rules, laws or regulations adversely affect the lives of citizens within other local governments. This is not to be extended to include civil rights, only criminal activities

This can only be accomplished when the American people stop adopting the platforms of political parties and mandate politicians adopt the Peoples Platform. We the People decide the agenda politicians enact the vision of the American people.
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DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT – CURRENT
Public Benefit
Opening doors to homeownership is a core aspect of HUD’s mission, originating when Congress created the Federal Housing Administration in the 1930s. Homeownership allows an individual or family to make an investment in the future. A home is an asset that can grow in value and provide capital to finance future needs of a family, such as college education or retirement. Homeownership helps stabilize neighborhoods, strengthen communities, and stimulate economic growth.
Strategic Objective A: Increase Homeownership Opportunities – $2.8B
The HOME Program assisted 30,999 new homebuyer units and 47 percent were minorities. The American Dream Down payment Initiative contributed 4,209 of this total.

• The Community Development Block Grant Program assisted 4,521 home ownership units and 121,158 involving rehabilitation of owner-occupied units.
• Ginnie Mae securitized 96.9 percent of FHA single family loans; 91.6 percent of single family fixed rate VA loans; and, 27.8 percent of all single family pools were in Targeted Lending Initiative neighborhoods.
• The Self Help Opportunity Program assisted 1,927 new homeowner units.
• In addition, 3,434 new homeowners were assisted through HUD’s voucher and HOPE VI programs.

Before
• $39B Budget
• N/A Employees
Score
• 1% Fail
Score Summary
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Score Detail
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Strategic Objective A:
A1. Expand national home ownership opportunities.
HUD has many programs that actively help increase home ownership opportunities. HUD’s Federal Housing Administration, which is the largest insurer of mortgages in the world and a key HUD program for advancing home ownership, has insured more than 34.2 million single-family mortgages since its inception in 1934. The Department is proposing important legislative reforms for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) program to enhance its impact.
Indicator background and context. This is a tracking indicator for which no numeric target is established because of the current dominant impact of the macro economy. The overall home ownership rate indicates the share of households that have achieved the “American dream” of home  ownership. There is evidence that excesses in the subprime mortgage market have contributed to increased defaults among recent home buyers.
A2. Increase minority hom eownership.
The home ownership rate for minorities remains approximately 25 percentage points below the home ownership rate for non-minority households. This objective reflects HUD’s specific commitment to reducing this imbalance over the long term, particularly through the presidential initiative to add 5.5 minority homeowners by the end of 2010.
Indicator background and context. Beginning in 2005, HUD increased the Low- and Moderate-Income goal from 50 percent to 52 percent. The Low- and Moderate-Income goals for 2006, 2007, and 2008 also were increased to 53, 55, and 56 percent respectively. HUD set the goals with the objective of ensuring that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac fulfill their mandate to provide leadership to the mortgage market. This indicator supports the goal of the President’s Minority Home ownership Initiative of adding 5.5 million minority homeowners by the end of the decade (that is, the last quarter of 2010 compared with the second quarter of 2002).
A3. Make the home buying process less complicated and less expensive.
Under this strategic objective, HUD will work with the housing community and federal and state agencies to further consumer-friendly efforts to improve the settlement process.
Indicator background and context. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act is a consumer protection statute administered by HUD. This Act helps consumers be better shoppers in the home buying and mortgage loan process by requiring that consumers receive disclosures at various times in the transaction and by prohibiting practices, such as paying kickbacks, which increase the cost of settlement services.
A4. Reduce predatory lending through reform, education and enforcement.
Predatory lending practices in the home ownership finance market involve deception or fraud, manipulating the borrower through aggressive sales tactics, or taking unfair advantage of a borrower’s lack of understanding of loan terms. HUD is committed to working with other federal and state agencies and to vigorously enforcing the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the Fair Housing Act in order to reduce predatory lending practices.
Indicator background and context. Increasing home ownership among low-income and minority households is one of the Department’s most important initiatives. The outcomes associated with this effort are increased home ownership and resident mobility from the rental program. The home ownership option under the Housing Choice Voucher, Family Self-Sufficiency, and Moving to Work programs helps accomplish this objective by allowing PHAs to provide voucher assistance to low-income first-time home buyers for monthly hom eownership expenses rather than for monthly rental payments, the most typical use of voucher assistance. This indicator tracks the annual number of homeowners assisted with voucher funds. The FY 2008 goal is to increase the cumulative number of home ownership closings to 9,200 households from the FY 2007 goal of 8,0.
A5. Help HUD-assisted renters become homeowners.
In recent years HUD has strengthened efforts in this area because HUD programs are assisting approximately 4.8 million renter households. The Department is committed to helping more HUD-assisted renters become homeowners by providing greater flexibility for public housing agencies and by expanding use of Housing Choice Vouchers for home ownership. Several other HUD programs, including previously appropriated rounds of HOPE VI, further contribute to expanded home ownership opportunities.
Indicator background and context. The Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act permits PHAs, through Section 32 of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937, to make public housing dwelling units and other units available for purchase by low-income families as their principal residence.
A6. Keep existing homeowners from losing their homes.
HUD is supporting homeowners in maintaining their home ownership status through housing counseling and foreclosure prevention activities.
Indicator background and context. This indicator measures the success of FHA loan servicers in implementing statutorily required loss-mitigation techniques when borrowers default on their FHA mortgages. Improved loss-mitigation efforts, such as enhanced borrower counseling, help borrowers keep their current homes or permit them to buy another home sooner. Avoidance of foreclosure also reduces FHA’s insurance losses, keeps FHA financially sound, and enables it to help more borrowers. The net benefit of $152 million paid in home retention claims in FY 2006 equates to $2 billion in loss avoidance for the FHA insurance funds. Reductions in foreclosure claim expenses are a key component of departmental budget estimates for FY 2008. For these reasons, achieving this outcome goal will help HUD increase the overall home ownership rate.

Strategic Objective B: – $25B
Promote Decent Affordable Housing
Key contributors to advancing affordable housing are as follows:

• Housing choice voucher utilization increased from 91.7 percent to 93.3 percent with projected increase in the goal to 97% by calendar year 2011.
• 134,020 income targeted households received affordable housing assistance from the Community Development Block Grant, HOME Program, Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS, and Indian Housing Block Grant and Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grant.
• FHA endorsed 647 risk sharing multi-family loans.
• Ginnie Mae securitized 96.4 percent of eligible FHA multifamily mortgages.
• H UD completed 62 percent of mark-to-market mortgages restructurings in order to preserve existing affordable housing.
• The share of the multifamily inventory that met physical standards was 93 percent.
• Public Housing was statistically equivalent to the physical quality goal of 85 percent with 84.5 percent. Improvement is projected in the next several years as part of a total new paradigm based on project-based asset management. HUD continued to work on increasing the proportion of households who transition from HUD’s public housing and voucher program and reducing the proportion of households who have very lengthy stays in HUD’s housing assistance.
• Public Housing reduced the number of units in troubled housing by 77 percent.
• The availability of affordable housing for the elderly and persons with disabilities was increased by bringing 224 projects to initial closing exceeding the goal of 200.

B1. Expand access to and availability of decent, affordable rental housing.
This strategic objective captures HUD’s efforts in maintaining over 4.8 million units of public and assisted housing, as well as increasing affordable housing opportunities through the HOME Investment Partnerships, Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS, FHA multifamily, and other HUD rental assistance programs. Also important is the targeting of HUD assistance to persons and families with very low, and low- and moderate-incomes.
B2. Improve the management accountability and physical quality of public and assisted housing.
This objective continues to stress improving the quality of HUD’s public and assisted housing and also focuses on management accountability. These efforts will increase the availability of affordable rental units.
B3. Improve housing opportunities for the elderly and persons with disabilities.
This strategic objective focuses on HUD’s efforts to promote community-based living opportunities, where appropriate, and to make supportive services available to residents of rental housing to enable them to live as independently as possible. The Section 202 and Section 811 programs support these efforts, as does additional assistance provided through HUD’s public housing and voucher programs.
B4. Promote housing self-sufficiency.
This objective reflects the Department’s efforts to maximize the role of public and assisted housing as a springboard to advance families who are ready to move toward self-sufficiency, new affordable rental housing, and homeownership opportunities. Achieving this objective accomplishes important outcomes for families and stretches limited budget resources.
B5. Facilitate more effective delivery of affordable housing by reforming public housing and the Housing Choice Voucher program.
This objective focuses on proposed regulatory and statutory changes that will improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and long-term sustainability of public housing and the Housing Choice Voucher program. It includes a transition to asset-based management for Public Housing Agencies (PHAs) and proposed legislative reforms. These reforms would simplify housing delivery, give PHAs greater flexibility while requiring more accountability, make limited budget resources more effective, lessen intrusion into families’ lives, and encourage tenant work contributions.

Strategic Objective C: -$18.3B
Strengthen Communities
Key contributors to strengthening communities are as follows:

• The Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) is the federal governments’ largest most flexible block grant. CDBG formula funding is provided to over 1,145 entitlement communities and all to 50 states which then distribute 30 percent of the formula funds to rural areas. In FY 2008, the Congress again provided substantial amounts of supplemental funding for disaster assistance and a new sub-program for foreclosure and abandonment assistance to communities. The Department did pursue a major proposal to improve the program results by better targeting and stronger focus on both need and performance but the Congress has not acted on the proposal. The CDBG program results were as follows:
• The share of CDBG entitlement and State funds that benefited low-and moderate-income persons averaged 95.59 percent exceeding the target of 90 percent and the statutory requirement of 70 percent. This underscores the effective prioritization of the program based on need.
• A total of $17.7 billion of the $19.7 billion of CDBG disaster assistance funds to aid the 5 states affected by Katrina, Wilma, and Rita was obligated. CDBG disaster recovery funds provided compensation payments to 141,236 homeowners exceeding the goal of 130,000. Each of the five States began activities to facilitate the restoration and enhancement of infrastructure in the Gulf Coast region.
• • CDBG funds created or retained 38,214 jobs or 91 percent of the goal and the related Section 108 Loan program aided in creating 6,491 jobs exceeding the goal of 4,100 by more than half.
• The Department exceeded the CDBG goal of 50 percent with 85 percent of entitlement communities with unemployment rates above the national average utilizing CDBG funds for economic development.
• CDBG funds were used to eliminate 9,180 blighted structures, 84 percent above the goal of 5,000 properties.
• The share of FHA multifamily properties in underserved communities was 59.4 percent exceeding the goal of 33 percent; and 39.2 percent of single-family mortgages were in underserved communities exceeding the goal of 35 percent.
• Homeless funding of $1.3 billion, which is 90 percent of total homeless funding, is directed toward housing homeless persons in HUD-supported permanent housing, and moving homeless from HUD-supported transitional to permanent. Both these housing targets were exceeded (75.1 percent vs. 71.5 percent and 71.1 percent vs. 63.5 percent respectively). The goal for attaining employment was exceeded at 21.9 percent versus the target of 19 percent.
• Overcrowding in Indian Country was significantly reduced by more than the 1 percent target with a 4.7 percent reduction.
• Housing conditions that affect health were vastly improved with targets exceeded for lead abatement with 12,569 units completed versus a target of 11,500 units. The program is on track to meet the aggressive and top priority goal of elimination of lead hazards for children.

C1. Assist disaster recovery in the Gulf Coast region.
This strategic objective reflects the need to address the unprecedented impact of the hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region in 2005. Congress has provided substantial supplemental HUD disaster funding to aid in the reconstruction of affected communities. HUD will ensure that families have equal opportunity in housing.
Indicator background and context. In response to the disaster on the Gulf Coast as a result of Hurricanes Katrina, Wilma, and Rita, Congress provided $11.5 billion through the CDBG program in December 2005. The Congress provided additional supplemental funding of $5.2 billion for community development and continued housing assistance for Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in June 2006, for a total of $16.7 billion. Under this objective, HUD will use supplemental appropriations to support the recovery of housing and critical infrastructure in the Gulf region so the citizens can rebuild their communities and lives. HUD will assist Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, and Florida in planning and implementing programs to aid in community and economic recovery of the areas destroyed by the hurricanes.
C2. Enhance sustainability of communities by expanding economic opportunities.
This strategic objective relates to how HUD’s community and economic development programs help strengthen and improve economic conditions in distressed communities. The core program supporting this objective is the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program. Proposed reforms will better target resources and increase the measurable impact of the program.
Indicator background and context. CDBG grantees have the option to establish CDBG-assisted economic development programs that focus on providing financial assistance to businesses that will create or retain jobs, including assistance to microenterprises. This assistance will help increase the number of jobs available in these neighborhoods.
C3. Foster a suitable living environment in communities by improving physical conditions and quality of life.
This strategic objective involves a range of HUD programs that target funds to address quality of-life issues in low-income communities and households. Efforts are focused on improving public services and amenities, providing safe, clean streets and adequate infrastructure, and eliminating blight.
Indicator background and context. FHA’s role in the mortgage market is to extend homeownership opportunities to families that otherwise might not achieve homeownership. Specifically, FHA lending in traditionally underserved neighborhoods helps achieve the important outcome of increasing the homeownership rate.
C4. End chronic homelessness and move homeless families and individuals to permanent housing.
HUD is committed, through its Continuum of Care programs, to ending chronic homelessness and reducing overall homelessness. The Department is proposing legislative reforms to increase its impact in this area. HUD’s emphasis on chronic homelessness will ultimately free up resources for broader homeless reduction efforts. This objective also includes the housing stability and increased access to care outcomes of the Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS program, which will be further aided by a HUD-proposed legislative formula improvement for this program.
Indicator background and context. This indicator measures the number of Continuum of Care communities that have implemented a Homeless Management Information System. Congress directed HUD to work with local jurisdictions to collect an array of data on homelessness, including unduplicated counts, the use of services, and the effectiveness of the local homeless assistance systems. Data from this system will help to more accurately determine the size, characteristics, and needs of the community’s homeless population.
C5. Address housing conditions that threaten health.
This strategic objective continues the focus on safe housing stock as a critical precondition for safe, livable communities. The Department is committed to eliminating the poisoning of children by lead-based paint and has achieved notable successes to date. This objective addresses health and hazard issues that exist in housing, and covers research to improve housing construction and resist natural disasters.
Indicator background and context. This indicator measures the estimated share of units that are protected by a fully functional smoke detection system, defined as smoke detectors that are observed to be both present and operative in the unit as well as the building in which the unit is located. The National Fire Protection Association reports that although smoke alarms cut the chances of dying in a house fire by 40–50 percent, about one-quarter of U.S. households lack working smoke alarms.

Strategic Objective D: – $50M
Ensure Equal Opportunity in Housing
In the enforcement arena HUD actions completed 60 percent of its new cases within the recommended standards of 100 days versus the target of 55 percent. The Fair Housing Equivalent Agencies in States and cities closed 50 percent of their cases within 100 days but not quite at the 53 percent target. At the same time, HUD closed 73 percent of already aged cases higher than the goal of 60 percent and Fair Housing equivalent agencies closed 97 percent of the aged cases in their inventory or 2 percent more than the goal of 95 percent. Closed out already aged cases and reducing newly aged cases is a key to reducing future discrimination cases and providing justice for aggrieved parties.
D1. Ensure access to a fair and effective administrative process to investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination.
HUD is responsible for enforcement of the Fair Housing Act and for ensuring that HUD programs promote fair housing and comply with civil rights laws.
Indicator background and context. HUD investigates and resolves complaints of alleged housing discrimination from private citizens and interest groups throughout the nation. HUD has worked diligently to increase public awareness of laws prohibiting discrimination in order to ensure that persons victimized by discrimination know how and where to file fair housing complaints.
D2. Improve public awareness of rights and responsibilities under fair housing laws.
Heightened public awareness is key to accomplishing greater compliance with fair housing laws. It can also result in increased willingness of victims to report discrimination and expanded availability of housing to all.
Indicator background and context. Many communities do not have strong state or local legal protections from housing discrimination. HUD’s Fair Housing Initiatives Program addresses this shortfall. HUD intends to build fair housing linkages to communities by promoting partnerships among existing air housing organizations funded through the Fair Housing Initiatives Program and community organizations and faith-based organizations.
D3. Improve housing accessibility for persons with disabilities.
This strategic objective reflects a concerted effort by HUD to reduce barriers that limit the housing options for persons with disabilities and create more accessible units.
Indicator background and context. The Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity reviews public housing agencies and other recipients to ensure that their HUD-assisted programs or activities comply with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Section 504 prohibits discrimination against, exclusion of, and denial of benefits for persons with disabilities in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.
D4. Ensure that HUD-funded entities comply with fair housing and other civil rights laws.
Title VI of the Fair Housing Act requires federal agencies to ensure that their programs provide equal opportunity in housing. This strategic objective focuses on the cross-cutting nature of fair housing issues and invigorates the Department’s compliance enforcement activities, including accessibility of housing for persons with disabilities under Section 504.
Indicator background and context. This cross-cutting indicator focuses on ensuring all HUD-funded programs provide equal opportunity in housing. HUD program offices will conduct limited civil rights monitoring reviews of HUD-funded entities during their regular program monitoring reviews using a checklist developed by the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. The program offices will then refer the checklists to headquarters for review and appropriate action as necessary. The information will be used to reach out to entities to ensure full compliance with applicable fair housing laws.

Strategic Objective E:
Embrace High Standards of Ethics, Management, and Accountability
The Department has achieved notable successes in the following areas:

• Receipt of a “green” rating for status and progress for financial performance by OMB for FY 2008 (only 13 of 26 major agencies were rated green).
• Receipt of an unqualified financial audit opinion for the ninth consecutive year.
• For E-Government, HUD was one of only 5 out of 26 agencies rated green for status but the status was changed to yellow in the fourth quarter of FY 2008. HUD was not able to achieve all of our E-Government goals because of a shortage in funding. HUD did receive the “2008 Excellence.Gov Award” from the American Council of Technology for implementation of the Enterprise Income Verification system that helps eliminate improper payments in our rental assistance programs and has resulted in savings of several billion dollars since FY 2000.
• HUD continued to advance the enterprise-wide financial management system that will improve HUD’s financial efficiency and is anticipated to be operative in FY 2013.
• HUD significantly reduced the rate of improper rental program payments to 3.5 percent exceeding the goal of 4.6 percent of total recent payments.
• The goal of increasing HUD employee satisfaction and thereby improving the work environment and work results was fully met. A critical part of this effort was putting in place measurable performance standards for the work force (70 percent in place) and identifying and recognizing high performance by employees.
• HUD achieved its goal of at least a 50 percent reduction in targeted mission critical competencies (skill gaps) for employees and 25 percent for managers. HUD also retained 93 percent of fellows and interns exceeding the goal of 80 percent, this strengthened workforce skills and capabilities and helped address critical succession issues.
• In the area of information technology HUD fully met its Enterprise Architecture target to continue significant progress in business system modernization, resulting in updated systems and information that is more reliable, more usable and provided in a more efficient and effective manner. Strategic improvement of Information Technology results in better interactions between HUD employees, business partners, and citizens.
• HUD also achieved its goals in the information technology security area and assessment of selected major information systems.
• This strategic goal includes a number of benchmarks across HUD’s program areas to determine whether programs are being operated effectively. These benchmarks include all Community Development and Policy programs, FHA Mutual Mortgage Insurance, PHA related programs, the Departmental Enforcement Center, Policy Development and Research programs.

E1. Strategically manage HUD’s human capital to increase employee satisfaction and improve HUD performance.
This strategic objective highlights the opportunity to invest in and make HUD’s workforce even more effective and valuable. The Government Accountability Office has recognized human resource issues as a government-wide challenge. HUD views it as an opportunity to address issues such as retention, training and recruitment. The effort reflects HUD’s implementation of its Strategic Human Capital Management Plan.
Indicator background and context. As part of HUD’s Strategic Plan and its Strategic Human Capital Management Plan, the Department has been developing a workforce plan for each program office to address mission critical skill gaps to ensure the necessary support of HUD’s program delivery. In FY 2008, HUD will target training so that there is a 50 percent or greater reduction in the number of core business program staff with identified competency gaps. The use of various training and development approaches includes, but is not limited to: instructor-led training, e-Learning and computer based learning, coaching, mentoring, shadowing, detail assignments, job-aids, forums, workshops, seminars, and best practice reviews. Additionally, the Department will assess the effectiveness of the training received by business core program staff during FY 2006.
E2. Improve HUD’s management and internal controls to ensure program compliance and resolve audit issues.
This strategic objective remains centered on continuous improvement of the organization and its functions, with a focus on financial systems and financial performance, as well as program operations and compliance. The objective strengthens HUD’s ability to prevent fraud, waste and abuse, to solve remaining audit findings, and to further improve overall departmental performance.
Indicator background and context. The Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 requires federal agencies to implement and maintain financial management systems that comply with federal reporting requirements and accounting standards, and support the U.S. Government Standard General Ledger at the transaction level. At the end of FY 2000, the Department had 67 financial management systems, of which 17 failed criteria for compliance with federal requirements.
E3. Improve accountability, service delivery, and customer service of HUD and its partners.
This strategic objective reflects HUD’s extensive use of the partnership model as a fundamental aspect of the Department’s operations. HUD’s partners include state and local governments, non-profit and for profit organizations, and other federal agencies, as well as Congress, for developing the course of departmental policies and providing budget resources. Desired management improvements and accountable, measurable performance improvements must both be developed in conjunction with and accomplished through the actions of our partners.
Indicator background and context. HUD partners are critical for the Department’s success in achieving desired outcomes. Partners, including both governmental and private entities, are the primary service deliverers for most HUD programs, with funding provided through grants and formula distribution and programs operated under HUD’s guidance and monitoring. Increasing partners’ satisfaction with the Department makes them more willing to support HUD in achieving common objectives.
E4. Capitalize on modernized technology to improve the delivery of HUD’s core business functions.
This strategic objective captures the importance of information technology in a modern society and in improving government operations and results. The objective aims to continue modernization improvements that are reflected in operational improvements by the Department and in quantifiable benefits tied to specific strategic investments.
Indicator background and context. The rental housing assistance programs (public housing, Housing Choice Vouchers, and project-based assistance programs) constitute HUD’s largest appropriated activity, with over $27 billion in annual expenditures. There are three major sources of error in these complex programs:
• Program administrator error: the program administrator’s failure to properly apply income exclusions and deductions and correctly determine income, rent, and subsidy levels;
• Tenant income reporting: the tenant beneficiary’s failure to properly disclose all income sources; and
• Billing error: errors in the billing and payment of subsidies between third party program administrators and HUD.

Strategic Objective F: – $1.8M
Promote Participation of Faith-Based and Community Organizations
The Center helped create opportunity for Faith-Based and Community Development organizations to obtain HUD grants worth $513 million in FY 2007 (there is a one-year reporting lag), roughly the same as $512 million in FY 2006.

• The Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives provided 68 grant writing sessions, more than double its goal of 30.
• The Center collaborated with PIH in the operation of PIH’s HOPE VI Mentoring Pilot Project, successfully operated the Doors of Hope program, and further developed and disseminated the Hurricane Toolkit that makes resources accessible to those experiencing hurricane and similar disaster situations and needs.

F1. Reduce barriers to faith-based and community organizations’ participation in HUD-sponsored programs.
This objective continues the successful work in recent years to “open doors” to advance and maximize the participation of faith-based and community organizations in HUD-sponsored programs. HUD has essentially removed existing regulatory barriers to participation and will continue to identify and eliminate any remaining barriers that might influence further participation.
Indicator background and context. Through this indicator, HUD’s Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives measures progress toward the important outcome of increasing both the number and types of organizations participating in the Notice of Funding Availability process. HUD will continue to “open doors” to advance and maximize the participation of faith-based and community organizations n HUD-sponsored programs through the promotion and enforcement of Equal Treatment regulations and Executive Order 13279. These regulations will provide faith-based and community organizations with equal access and equitable participation in the Notice of Funds Availability (SuperNOFA) application process and other grant programs.
F2. Conduct outreach and provide technical assistance to strengthen the capacity of faith-based and community organizations to attract partners and secure resources.
This objective reflects ongoing outreach efforts to faith-based and other community organizations to provide information, training, technical assistance and capacity building so that there is open opportunity for these organizations to participate in HUD-sponsored programs. Participation by faith-based and other community organizations will continue to contribute to further increasing the results of HUD’s programs.
Indicator background and context: In order to ensure that faith-based and community organizations have equal access to HUD and private funding opportunities, comprehensive outreach programs are delivered both electronically and through participatory events. To strengthen the capacity of these organizations, technical assistance and capacity building programs are provided through convening and/or participating in “Unlocking Doors Initiative” forums, “Art & Science of Grant Writing” training sessions, conferences, and workshops. The Center will facilitate or oversee faith-based and community organizations’ liaison participation in national, regional, and state conferences across the country, resulting in outreach to many of the nation’s grassroots and large faith-based and community social service providers. In particular, during FY 2008, the Center will facilitate 30 “Art & Science of Grant Writing” training sessions and 7 “Unlocking Doors Initiative” forums.
F3. Encourage partnerships between faith-based community organizations and HUD grantees and subgrantees.
This objective builds on and expands the accomplishments to date of faith-based and community organizations, such as projects working with selected mayors and cities. Continued and expanded efforts will include pilot projects that HUD will analyze in order to provide successful models and policies that HUD and its partners can further utilize and build upon.
Indicator background and context: The Unlocking Doors Initiative highlights and promotes successful local strategies for involving faith-based and community organizations in programs designed for developing affordable housing plans and building partnerships with state and local governments to promote homeownership opportunities to the recipients of HUD services. The Unlocking Doors Initiative has been has expanded to include 16 U.S. cities. This affordable housing Initiative includes roundtable discussions with key faith-based and community organization leaders, officials from mayors’ offices and public-private partners in the designated cities. Partnerships with grantees and sub grantees are established through Unlocking Doors Initiative forums, the HOPE VI mentoring program, and the Art and Science of Grant-writing training sessions. The Center will report on activities resulting from these partnerships in FY 2008.
Summary of Resources By Strategic Goal
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Fiscal Year 2006 Discretionary BA includes supplemental disaster funding totaling $17,063,300. FTEs and S&E are not included in the Total Resources for the Inspector General’s office and the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight because each has independent budget presentations. S&E and FTEs for the Working Capital Fund are reflected as part of the overall resources.

Accomplishments:
Expanding and improving affordable housing opportunities for American families. Approximately 70 percent of requested budget resources provide assistance for approximately 4.8 million units in the current HUD inventory of affordable housing units. Further assistance will be targeted to low income elderly and persons with disabilities, as well as developing additional units of affordable housing through various income targeted HUD programs including HOME, Self-help Homeownership Opportunities Program, and the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program.

• Utilizing the more than $16 billion of supplemental CDBG funding appropriated to assist the Gulf Coast states in recovery from hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma. Recovery of the Gulf Coast region is a priority for HUD. The Department remains committed to assisting the hundreds of thousands of displaced residents of the Gulf Coast region by administering supplemental disaster funding
• Expanding homeownership opportunities for low- and moderate-income families through the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) by channeling global capital into the nation’s housing markets. Ginnie Mae’s newly-implemented guarantee of securities backed by FHA insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgages will help underserved and elderly borrowers.
• Increasing full access to the nation’s housing stock for all Americans through concerted antidiscrimination enforcement and education and outreach efforts, thus providing citizens with a full understanding of their rights and responsibilities under the Fair Housing laws.

Furthering successes in the participation of faith-based and community organizations in public-private partnerships. The FY 2008 faith-based and community organization activities will continue to reflect those activities commensurate with the “getting to green” Office of Management and Budget score achieved in recent years.
Importantly, the FY 2008 budget continues to contain a number of legislative proposals that will allow HUD to administer public funds more effectively, thereby increasing HUD’s impact on the residents of this nation’s communities. These legislative proposals include the following:

• Modernizing and broadly transforming the Federal Housing Administration program (FHA) to expand homeownership for low and moderate income families;
• Reforming the Housing Choice Voucher and Public Housing programs to help preserve and maximize affordable housing opportunities;
• Reforming the Community Development Block Grant program to better target resources through an improved formula and other related program improvements;
• Consolidating HUD homeless programs into a single, more streamlined program; and
• More equitably distributing the formula funds of the Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS program to better assist its beneficiaries with special needs.
• Approximately 1 million persons a year (an estimated 45.9 percent minorities) are assisted with homeownership and avoidance of foreclosure and attendant property abandonment through HUD’s housing counseling program, which efficiently also utilizes other non-federal sources of funds. This program is particularly important given the current problems in the sub-prime market and the overwhelming number of mortgage defaults and foreclosures that in many instances are destabilizing both financial markets and communities.
• Other significant contributions to this goal include the Ginnie Mae, HOME Block Grant, Community Development Block Grants, Self Help Opportunity Program, and voucher homeownership programs.
• The HOME Program assisted 30,999 new homebuyer units and 47 percent were minorities. The American Dream Down payment Initiative contributed 4,209 of this total.
• The Community Development Block Grant Program assisted 4,521 homeownership units and 121,158 involving rehabilitation of owner-occupied units.
• • Ginnie Mae securitized 96.9 percent of FHA single family loans; 91.6 percent of single family fixed rate VA loans; and, 27.8 percent of all single family pools were in Targeted Lending Initiative neighborhoods.
• The Self Help Opportunity Program assisted 1,927 new homeowner units.
• In addition, 3,434 new homeowners were assisted through HUD’s voucher and HOPE VI programs.

Brief Description of Selected HUD Programs
American Dream Down payment Initiative
American Dream Down payment Initiative is part of a presidential initiative that increases and accelerates first-time homeownership by low-income families. The American Dream Down payment Act established a formula under which funds are provided and administered by the Home Investment Partnerships program participating jurisdictions.
Brownfields Economic Development Initiative
The Brownfields Economic Development Initiative is a competitive grant program that HUD administers to stimulate and promote economic and community development. The grants go to CDBG recipients for redevelopment of industrial or commercial sites known as brownfields due to the presence or potential presence of environmental contamination. These funds are used to enhance the security or to improve the viability of a project financed with a new Section 108 guaranteed loan commitment.
Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing
This program provides assistance through the National Community Development Initiative, Local Initiatives Support Corporation, the Enterprise Foundation, Habitat for Humanity, and Youth Build USA to develop the capacity and ability of community development corporations and community housing development organizations to undertake community development and affordable housing projects and programs.
Community Development Block Grant Program
Community Development Block Grant is a formula program that allocates 70 percent of grant funds to units of general local government (entitlement communities) and 30 percent to states for the funding of local community development programs.
The primary objective of the program is to develop viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment and by expanding economic opportunities. Activities undertaken with the grants must meet one of the three broad national objectives:
• Benefit low- and moderate-income persons;
• Aid in the prevention or elimination of slums and blight; or
• Meet other particularly urgent community development needs. In addition, at least 70 percent of all CDBG funds received by a grantee must be used for activities that benefit persons of low and moderate income (those with incomes below 80 percent of area median family income). Through the Consolidated Plan process, recipients’ select eligible activities that are appropriate to their needs and that reflect local priorities, and they determine how their performance will be measured.
Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities
Launched in 1993, the Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities initiative is an interagency effort focused on creating self-sustaining, long-term economic development in distressed communities through the use of innovative and comprehensive strategic plans developed and implemented by partnerships among private, public and nonprofit entities in each community. In Empowerment Zones, communities have received wage tax credits and other incentives.
Enterprise Communities receive smaller levels of grant funds from HUD. There are three rounds of Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities. The first two rounds combine tax incentives with direct funding for physical improvements and social services. The third round includes only tax incentives. Grants can be used for a broad range of activities that assist residents, businesses, and organizations. Eligible activities include: workforce preparation and job creation efforts linked to welfare reform; neighborhood development; support for financing of capital projects; financing of projects in conjunction with the Section 108 loan guarantee program and other economic development projects; community policing; and health care. Congress extended Round I Empowerment Zones designations until the end of 2009.
Fair Housing Assistance Program
The Fair Housing Assistance Program provides assistance to state and local government entities that administer fair housing laws certified by the Department as “substantially equivalent” to the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968). This assistance includes support for complaint processing, training, technical assistance, data and information systems, and other fair housing activities. The program is designed to build coordinated intergovernmental enforcement of fair housing laws and provide incentives for states and localities to assume greater responsibility for administering fair housing laws.
Fair Housing Initiatives Program
This Fair Housing Initiative Program provides funding to Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, public and private for-profit and nonprofit entities, and state or local governments formulating or carrying out programs to prevent or eliminate discriminatory housing practices. Funds enable the recipients to carry out activities designed to inform the public about rights and obligations under federal, state, or local laws prohibiting housing discrimination and to enforce those rights. There are four distinct categories of funding under this program: (1) the Administrative Enforcement Initiative; (2) the Education and Outreach Initiative; (3) the Private Enforcement Initiative; and (4) the Fair Housing Organizations Initiative.
Federal Housing Administration
The Federal Housing Administration provides approved mortgagees with mortgage insurance to support increased homeownership and affordable rental opportunities across the nation. Through its single-family programs, FHA helps low- and moderate-income families, including first-time homebuyers, minorities, and central-city residents, achieve homeownership. By insuring mortgages, FHA makes it much easier for homeowners to borrow the funds they need. Mortgage lenders are more willing to provide mortgage loans because they know that, in the case of a mortgagor default, the federal government will protect them from losses. Most FHA mortgage loans for homeownership are insured through the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. Other loans for purchasing homes, such as manufactured housing, rehabilitation and acquisition mortgages, and condominiums, are insured through the General Insurance/Special Risk Insurance (GI/SRI) Fund, as are home equity conversion mortgages for homeowners ages 62 and older.
FHA, through its GI/SRI fund, also insures loans for the development, rehabilitation, and refinancing of multifamily rental housing, including rental housing in underserved areas. Through its multifamily programs, FHA also insures assisted living facilities, nursing homes, and hospitals. FHA manages a multifamily affordable housing portfolio and works in conjunction with the Housing Certificate Fund to provide project-based Section 8 rental assistance for families in many FHA-insured multifamily properties.
Ginnie Mae Mortgage-Backed Securities Program
The Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), a wholly owned government corporation within HUD, was established to support federal housing initiatives by providing market liquidity for federally insured or guaranteed mortgages through the secondary mortgage market. This liquidity increases the flow of funds from the Nation’s capital markets into the residential mortgage markets. Through its Mortgage-Backed Securities Program, Ginnie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by private institutions and backed by pools of federally insured or guaranteed mortgage loans. Ginnie Mae’s guaranty is backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. The securitization of Federal Housing Administration, Rural Housing Service, and Veterans Affairs mortgages increases the availability of funds for lenders making these loans and thereby decreases the costs associated with making and servicing loans. This decrease in costs helps lower mortgage interest rates for homebuyers using federal government housing credit.
Ginnie Mae’s multiclass securities program guarantees Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits and Platinum securities. These are multiple-class securities with different maturities, typically between two and 20 years, or with payments based on fractions of the MBS income stream. The Platinum security consolidates Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities pools with the same interest rate into larger pools, which are then sold to investors.
Ginnie Mae’s Targeted Lending Initiative reduces the fees charged to lenders by up to 50 percent for making mortgage loans in any of the Nation’s Empowerment Zones or Enterprise Communities and adjacent eligible central city areas. The initiative is consistent with Ginnie Mae’s statutory purpose to promote access to mortgage credit in the central cities by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments.
Healthy Homes Initiative
The Healthy Homes Initiative builds upon the Department’s existing activities in housing-related environmental health and safety issues—including lead hazard control, building structural safety, electrical safety, and fire protection—to address multiple childhood diseases and injuries in the home. The Initiative takes a holistic approach to these activities by addressing housing-related hazards in a coordinated fashion, rather than addressing a single hazard at a time. Under the Healthy Homes Initiative, HUD is implementing a multifaceted program to provide grants to organizations to demonstrate and pilot test affordable new maintenance, renovation, and construction methods; implement a new public education campaign to prevent both emerging and well-recognized housing-related childhood diseases and injuries; conduct research; and assemble an interagency task force. In implementing the initiative, HUD is working closely with its federal partners, as well as with state and local governments and private-sector organizations.
HOME Investment Partnerships Program
The HOME program helps to increase the supply of standard, affordable housing, with primary attention to rental housing, for low- and very-low-income families, by providing grants to states, units of general local government, and consortia of units of general local governments that are Participating Jurisdictions. HOME funds may be used for a wide range of eligible housing activities including rehabilitation, new construction, acquisition, and tenant-based rental assistance. The funds are allocated by formula: 60 percent to local governments and consortia and 40 percent to states.
Homeless Assistance Grants
The purpose of this program is to break the cycle of homelessness and to move homeless persons and families to permanent housing. This is done by providing rental assistance, emergency shelter, transitional and permanent housing, and supportive services to homeless persons and families.
Homeless assistance grants provide federal support to one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations. These grants assist localities in establishing systems that can address the housing and service needs of different homeless populations while providing a coordinated system that ensures the support necessary to help those who are homeless attain housing and move toward self-sufficiency.
HOPE VI
The HOPE VI program assists public housing agencies to improve the living environment for public housing residents in severely distressed PHA properties through the demolition, rehabilitation, reconfiguration, or replacement of obsolete public housing projects. Through these efforts, the program is also intended to revitalize neighborhoods where the housing is located and to decrease the concentration of very-low-income families.
Housing Counseling Assistance Program
HUD’s Housing Counseling Assistance program offers the counseling services authorized by Section 106 through counseling agencies approved by HUD. Housing counseling services offered under HUD’s program may include: assisting eligible homebuyers to find and purchase homes; helping renters locate and qualify for assisted rental units; helping eligible homebuyers obtain affordable housing; assisting homeowners to avoid foreclosures; assisting renters to avoid evictions; helping the homeless find temporary or permanent shelter; reporting fair housing and discrimination complaints; and addressing housing problems.
Housing for the Elderly or Disabled Program
202/811 Grants. Sections 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 and 811 of the National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 authorize the use of capital advances and rental assistance to eligible nonprofit (private nonprofits under Section 202) sponsors to finance the development of rental housing with supportive services for the elderly or persons with disabilities. In addition, tenant based assistance is provided for supportive housing for disabled renters to allow them to search for and rent a standard unit in the private market.
Service Coordinators. This program provides funding for service coordinators who assist elderly individuals and persons with disabilities, living in federally assisted multifamily housing, to obtain needed supportive services from community agencies. Services provided include meals, supportive services, housekeeping and chore assistance, personal care, laundry assistance, transportation services, and health-related services.
Assisted Living Conversion. This program provides funding for the physical costs of converting some or all units in an eligible development into an assisted-living facility. Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS The Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS program gives states and localities resources and incentives to devise long term comprehensive strategies for meeting the housing needs of low-income persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families. Assistance enables these special needs households to establish or maintain stable housing, reduce their risks of homelessness, and improve their access to healthcare and other support. Grants may be used to provide a variety of forms of housing assistance, including emergency housing, shared housing arrangements, apartments, community residences, and single-room occupancy dwellings. Appropriate supportive services must be provided as part of any assisted housing. HUD awards program funds through a formula allocation and a competitive grant process. Of funds appropriated in any given year, 90 percent are awarded by formula allocation to eligible states and populous cities in each Metropolitan Statistical Area that qualifies and follows HUD’s
Consolidated Plan process. Ten percent of the appropriated funding is awarded through a competitive selection process for model demonstration projects and projects in areas that do not receive formula funds. Eligible applicants for competitive grants are states, units of general local government, and nonprofit organizations.
Indian Community Development Block Grants
This program offers grants on a competitive basis to eligible Indian tribes and Alaska Native villages to improve the housing stock, provide community facilities, make infrastructure improvements, fund microenterprises, and expand job opportunities.
Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Program
The primary purpose of this program is to reduce the exposure of young children to lead-based paint hazards in their homes. Lead Hazard Control Grants are made competitively to states and local governments with an approved Consolidated Plan and to Native American tribes to empower them to perform lead-hazard reduction activities in private low-income dwellings.
These grants stimulate the development of a national lead abatement/hazard control infrastructure by promoting state legislative action to establish lead-based paint contractor certification programs, stimulating state and local efforts at hazard reduction, and creating demand for such credentials by private contractors. Additionally, the technical studies component of the program permits activities such as technical assistance, quality control of evaluations, the development of standards, technical guidance materials, and regulations to provide for cost-effective hazard evaluation and control procedures, and technical studies and evaluation to develop streamlined methods of testing, hazard control, cleanup, clearance, and public education.
Manufactured Home Construction and Safety, and Installation Standards
This program establishes standards and safety requirements for all manufactured homes. Under the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act, the Secretary, working with the Manufactured Housing Consensus Committee, establishes appropriate federal manufactured home standards that meet the needs of the public, including quality, durability, and safety for the construction and installation of manufactured homes.
Indian Housing Block Grants (also known as Native American Housing Block Grants)
This program authorizes housing assistance under a single block grant to eligible Indian tribes or tribally designated housing entities. The allocation is made under a needs-based formula. Eligible activities for providing affordable housing (or related housing services) include development of additional affordable housing; Indian Housing Assistance (modernization or operating assistance for housing previously developed or operated pursuant to a contract between HUD and an Indian housing authority); housing-related services for affordable housing; management services for affordable housing; safety, security, and law enforcement measures and activities; and housing activities under model programs that are designed to develop and support affordable housing using a variety of creative approaches (e.g., leveraging public and private funds).
Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grant
This program authorizes HUD to make grants to the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands to carry out affordable housing activities for Native Hawaiian families who are eligible to reside on the Hawaiian Home Lands. The program provides housing services through five eligible activities and provides training and technical assistance. These activities are development of additional affordable housing; housing-related services for affordable housing; management services for affordable housing; safety, security, and law enforcement measures and activities; and housing activities under model programs that are designed to develop and support affordable housing.
Public Housing Capital Fund
This program provides funds to PHAs for capital improvements (e.g., developing, rehabilitating, and demolishing units) and for management improvements (e.g., management and community services, supportive services, resident activities, and economic development) at public housing developments for low-income families.
The allocated funds may be used for redesign, reconstruction, rehabilitation, renovation, non routine maintenance, lead-based paint testing and abatement, and accessibility improvements for the disabled. Demolition or disposition is authorized for buildings or entire developments that are not viable. Funds also may be used for replacement housing.
Public Housing Operating Fund
This program provides subsidies to assist PHAs in funding the operation and maintenance of their properties for low-income families. The Operating Fund formula determines the level of funding necessary to enable PHAs to provide a reasonable level of services, including maintenance, utilities, and protective services, to residents of public housing.
Renewal Communities
The Community Renewal Tax Relief Act, incorporated by reference in the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2001 (P.L. 106-554), authorized the designation of up to 40 areas of pervasive poverty, unemployment, and general distress as Renewal Communities. States and local governments in which a renewal community is located are required to take actions relating to specified activities, such as reducing taxes or fees, making services more efficient, and implementing crime reduction strategies. Businesses in Renewal Communities are eligible for various federal tax incentives.
Research and Technology
Office of Policy Development and Research funds are used for research, program evaluation and policy analysis. There are seven categories of activities undertaken with Research and Technology funds. The largest is housing market surveys. These housing and financial market data are essential for the formulation of HUD’s housing and community development policies.
The next largest category is program evaluation and monitoring. These activities help old and new programs operate more effectively by providing independent information about program implementation and impacts.
Resident Opportunity and Supportive Services
Under the Resident Opportunity and Supportive Services program, the Secretary may make grants to the following groups: PHAs; recipients under the Native American Housing Assistance and Self Determination Act; resident management corporations, resident councils or resident organizations; and qualified nonprofit organizations. These grants may be used to fund supportive services, job training, and resident empowerment activities.
Rural Housing and Economic Development Program
The Rural Housing and Economic Development Program is a competitive grant program. Funds are awarded to rural nonprofit organizations, community development corporations, federally recognized Indian tribes, state housing finance agencies, and state community and/or economic development agencies to support innovative housing and economic development activities in rural areas.
Samaritan Housing Initiative
The Samaritan Housing Initiative is a set-aside within a reformulated Homeless Assistance grant account. The Samaritan Housing set aside will provide targeted resources to assist chronically homeless persons to attain permanent housing, with resources focused strategically to secure the desired performance outcomes.
Section 108 Loan Guarantees
The Section 108 loan guarantee program provides communities with a means of leveraging their CDBG grants to obtain financing for large community revitalization projects. Section 108 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended, authorizes the Secretary to issue federal loan guarantees of private-market loans used by entitlement and non-entitlement communities to cover the costs of acquiring real property, rehabilitating publicly owned real property, housing rehabilitation, and certain economic development activities.
Section 184 Loan Guarantees for Indian Housing
Section 184 provides guarantees for loans that are used to construct, acquire, refinance, or rehabilitate single-family homes located on Indian trust or restricted land and in designated Indian areas.
Section 8 Rental Assistance
Through the Section 8 program, HUD provides rental and self-sufficiency assistance to preserve and expand affordable housing opportunities for extremely low-, very low-, low-, and moderate income families. Beginning in FY 2005, the activities previously funded under the Housing Certificate Fund are now funded under the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance and Project-Based Rental Assistance programs:
• Tenant-Based Rental Assistance. The tenant-based component of Section 8 is the Housing Choice Voucher program. Housing Choice Vouchers are administered by public housing agencies and other state and local designated entities. With a voucher, an eligible family can seek housing in the private market, and in a neighborhood of its choice. The family pays 30 percent of its adjusted income toward the rent while the voucher subsidizes the remaining cost up to a PHA-determined cap.
• Project-Based Rental Assistance. Project-based section 8 assistance differs from the Housing Choice Voucher program in that the assistance is linked to a specific unit in a multifamily housing property. This ensures that these properties remain affordable to low-income families. Funding in this account renews and amends expiring project-based Section 8 rental assistance contracts covering moderate rehabilitation, loan management, new construction/substantial rehabilitation, property disposition, and preservation.
Self-help Homeownership Opportunity Program
The Self-help Homeownership Opportunity Program provides competitive grants to national and regional nonprofit organizations and consortia that use significant amounts of “sweat equity” to produce affordable single-family homes for new homebuyers. These funds are used for land acquisition and infrastructure improvements, and homebuyers contribute a significant amount of their own hard work toward the construction of the new dwellings.
Title VI Federal Guarantees for Tribal Housing
This program provides guarantees in support of loans to Indian Housing Block Grant recipients, Indian tribes, and tribally designated housing entities that request a loan from a financial institution to be used to accelerate completion of their Indian Housing Plan by pledging future Indian Housing Block Grant funds as collateral.
University Partnerships
HUD provides funding opportunities to colleges and universities to implement community activities, revitalize neighborhoods, address economic development and housing issues, and encourage partnerships. These collaborations and partnerships play a crucial role in addressing local problems and revitalizing our nation’s communities. Additionally, colleges and universities are making future generations aware of these issues by integrating partnership activities into their academic studies and student activities. HUD provides grants for four university partnership programs: the Historically Black Colleges and Universities program, the Tribal Colleges and Universities program, the Hispanic-Serving Institutions Assisting Communities program, and the Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian Institutions Assisting Communities program. Another program is the Community Outreach Partnership Center program, which has been opened to all institutions of higher learning.

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